Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, September 2019'. On 1 January 2021, a new ‘Australian-style’ points-based immigration system will be introduced. This follows a gradual increase in immigration of non-EU citizens over the past five years for both work and study, particularly from India and China. All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, Statistics relating to passenger arrivals since the COVID-19 outbreak, November 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending September 2020, EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, September 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending June 2020 second edition, Fifth report on statistics relating to exit checks, Statistics relating to passenger arrivals since the COVID-19 outbreak, August 2020, EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, June 2020, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2020, Statistics relating to Covid-19 and the immigration system, May 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending March 2020, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, April 2020, EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, March 2020, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, March 2020, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, February 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending December 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, January 2020, EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, December 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, December 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, November 2019, Immigration statistics, year ending September 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, October 2019, EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, September 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, September 2019 second edition, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, August 2019, Immigration statistics, year ending June 2019 second edition, EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, June 2019, Fourth report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, July 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, June 2019, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2019 second edition, EU Settlement Scheme statistics, April 2019, Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019, Immigration Statistics, year ending December 2018, Immigration Statistics, year ending September 2018, Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018, Third report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme, Immigration statistics, year ending March 2018, Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: 2016, Immigration statistics, October to December 2017 second edition, Immigration statistics, July to September 2017, Asylum claims on the basis of sexual orientation, Immigration statistics, April to June 2017, Second report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme, Immigration statistics, January to March 2017, Immigration statistics, October to December 2016, Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: 2015, Immigration statistics, July to September 2016, Immigration statistics, April to June 2016, A report on the statistics being collected under the exit checks programme, Immigration statistics, January to March 2016, Immigration statistics, October to December 2015, Immigration statistics, July to September 2015, Immigration statistics, April to June 2015, Immigration statistics, January to March 2015, Immigration statistics, October to December 2014, Immigration statistics, July to September 2014, Immigration statistics, April to June 2014 second edition, Immigration statistics, January to March 2014, Immigration statistics, October to December 2013, Immigration statistics, July to September 2013, Immigration statistics, April to June 2013, Immigration statistics, July to September 2012, Immigration Statistics, January to March 2013, Immigration Statistics: October to December 2012, Foreign National Offenders in detention and leaving detention, Immigration statistics, April to June 2012 (third edition), Immigration statistics, January to March 2012, Immigration statistics October to December 2011, Immigration statistics July to September 2011, Immigration statistics April to June 2011, Immigration and asylum appeals allowed under articles 3 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Control of immigration: quarterly statistical summary first quarter 2011, Certificates of sponsorship: Tier 2 (general), Control of immigration: quarterly statistical summary fourth quarter 2010, Control of immigration: quarterly statistical summary third quarter 2010, Control of immigration: quarterly statistical summary second quarter 2010, Control of Immigration: statistics United Kingdom 2009, Control of immigration: quarterly statistical summary first quarter 2010, British Citizenship Statistics United Kingdom, 2009, British citizenship statistics United Kingdom, 2008, Immigration statistics data tables, year ending September 2020, Immigration statistics data tables, year ending June 2020, Immigration statistics data tables, year ending March 2020 second edition, Immigration statistics data tables, year ending December 2019, Immigration statistics data tables, year ending September 2019, Immigration statistics data tables, year ending June 2019 second edition, Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019: data tables, Immigration statistics, year ending December 2018: data tables, Immigration statistics, year ending September 2018: data tables, Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018: data tables, Immigration statistics, year ending March 2018: data tables, Immigration statistics, October to December 2017: data tables second edition, Immigration Statistics, July to September 2017: data tables, Immigration statistics, April to June 2017: data tables, Immigration statistics, January to March 2017: data tables, Immigration statistics, October to December 2016: data tables, Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: 2015: data tables, Immigration statistics, July to September 2016: data tables, Immigration statistics, April to June 2016: data tables, Immigration statistics, January to March 2016: data tables, Immigration statistics, October to December 2015: data tables, Migrant journey: sixth report: data tables, Immigration statistics, July to September 2015: data tables, Immigration statistics, April to June 2015: data tables, Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers, Immigration statistics, January to March 2015: data tables, Immigration statistics, October to December 2014: data tables, Migrant journey: fifth report: data tables, Immigration statistics, July to September 2014: data tables, Tables for ‘Immigration Statistics: April to June 2014’, Tables for ‘Immigration Statistics, January to March 2014’, Tables for 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2013', Tables for 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013', Tables for 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2013', Extensions of stay by previous category: tables, Tables for 'Immigration Statistics, January to March 2013', Tables for 'Immigration Statistics October to December 2012', Tables for 'Immigration Statistics, July to September 2012', Tables for ‘Immigration Statistics: April to June 2012’, Tables for 'Immigration statistics: January to March 2012', Tables for 'Immigration statistics: October to December 2011', Tables: immigration statistics, July to September 2011, Tables: Immigration Statistics April to June 2011, Immigration statistical summary 1999-2008, Home Office immigration statistics: user guide, Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline, Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide, Home Office statistics on exit checks: user guide, Glossary of terms: control of immigration statistical publications, Coronavirus (COVID-19): guidance and support, Transparency and freedom of information releases. This was followed by Romania (427,000), the Republic of Ireland (360,000), Germany (289,000), and Italy (233,000). EU immigration fell substantially after the 2016 Brexit referendum.More… An estimated 3.6 million EU-born migrants lived in the UK in 2019, making up 5.5% of the UK population. Some people are excluded, such as residents of communal establishments like hostels, and other groups may be undercounted due to survey non-response. However, defining migrants as the foreign-born has the compensatory benefit of including people who have come to the UK and naturalised. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562398828'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Added ‘Migrant journey: sixth report’, ’Migrant journey: sixth report: data tables’ and updated ‘User Guide to the Home Office Migrant Journey’. The majority (64%) of the increase in the latest year was driven by Skilled (Tier 2) work visas, which increased by 12% to 111,035. Added ‘Immigration statistics, October to December 2016’ and ‘Immigration statistics, October to December 2016: data tables’, updated ‘Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’. Among non-EU citizens, by contrast, the most commonly reported reason for moving to the UK in 2019 was study. For both EU and non-EU citizens, more people come to the UK than leave the UK, meaning both groups have contributed to the increase in net migration. Oxford, OX2 6QS, EU settled status applicants exceed official tally, Methods used to revise the national population estimates for mid-2002 to mid-2010, Note on the difference between National Insurance number registrations and the estimate of long-term international migration: 2016, Understanding different migration data sources: August 2019 progress report, Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality, January 2019 to December 2019. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, December 2019’. Migration to the UK from outside the European Union hit record levels last year, according to official figures. This means that the estimated 3.7 million EU citizens and their family members currently living in the UK will have to secure pre-settled or settled status if they would like to continue to stay in the country. Added ‘Migrant journey: 2018 report’, ’Migrant journey: 2018 report: data tables’, 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019: data tables', and updated ‘Migrant journey user guide ’, 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and ’Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Key Points Net migration to the UK, the difference between immigration and emigration, was estimated to be 270,000 in 2019, down from a peak of 331,000 in the year ending March 2015. For further discussion of this terminology, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Who Counts as a Migrant: Definitions and their Consequences. Statistics on migration and border control from Home Office administrative systems (the Office for National Statistics also publishes statistics on migration at United Kingdom Population). Government’s immigration target still not met after rise in immigration from outside EU Added 'Statistics relating to Covid-19 and the immigration system, May 2020'. The EU-born thus made up 38% of the migrant population in 2019, up from 29% in 2000. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562158717'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, an estimated 3,715,000 EU citizens were living in the UK, including children born in the UK (Figure 2). Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2020', 'Immigration statistics data tables, year ending March 2020', 'Migrant journey: 2019 report' and 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, April 2020', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and ' Migrant journey: user guide'. ONS analysis based on the Census suggests that non-response is a greater problem among people born outside of the UK (Weeks et al., 2013). This briefing provides key statistics on EU migrants and migration in the UK. Because the estimated emigration of EU citizens also increased, EU net migration fell more sharply – by 77% to 50,000 in 2019 (for more detailed data, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Net migration to the UK). Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. EU net migration to UK at lowest level for 16 years after plummeting since Brexit vote. Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2014', 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2014: data tables', 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers' and 'Monthly asylum application tables'. Updated 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. 2.4 million immigrants entered the EU-27 from non-EU-27 countries in 2018. Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and 'Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: user guide'. Most of those workers (65%) reported coming to take up a definite job rather than to look for work. ... UK Govt Statistics Office Undercounted EU Migration by 240,000 498 PAUL FAITH/AFP/Getty Images. Added 'Migrant journey: fifth report', 'Migrant journey: fifth report: data tables' and 'Migrant journey: user guide'. This means that it is often sensible to look at the overall picture across several data sources, rather than focusing on short-term changes in a single dataset. EU citizens also have low naturalisation rates compared to non-EU citizens. While the coronavirus pandemic has since slashed all forms of international travel, immigration to the UK increased to its highest level since the Brexit vote last year. Data, statistics and immigration . Since the EU referendum in late June 2016, the estimated number of EU nationals immigrating to the UK fell from 284,000 the year before the vote to 226,000 in the year after. In 2019, 48% of EU nationals in the UK said they migrated to the country for work-related reasons. Added 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2016' and 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2016: data tables', updated 'User Guide to Home Office Immigration Statistics' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. EU immigration fell considerably during this time, from 304,000 to 199,000 per year, while emigration of EU citizens increased steadily from 86,000 to 151,000. Immigration to the UK … In 2019, around 8% of all workers in the UK were born in an EU country. In that case, we assume that the differences we observe in the data are likely to exist in the population. Migrants News. EU-2 migrants stood out for their high percentage of self-employed (22%) compared to the other two EU groups. 'Immigration statistics data tables, year ending March 2020' has been updated to second edition. Since 1945, immigration to the United Kingdom under British nationality law has been significant, in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire especially India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Caribbean, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Hong Kong. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562310199'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Compared to non-EU citizens, EU citizens are more likely to come to the UK for work. The ONS currently thinks EU net migration to the UK (the difference between the number who come and the number who leave) was about 35,000 a year higher than previously thought between 2009 and 2016. For a discussion of this system, see our commentary, Q&A: The UK’s new points-based immigration system after Brexit. There was a net departure of 61,000 British citizens to other countries. The number of EU-born migrants estimated to be living in the UK increased steadily from 2004 to 2017 before levelling off (Figure 1). Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2017', 'Immigration Statistics, July to September 2017: data tables' and 'Asylum claims on the basis of sexual orientation', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. The accuracy of these estimates of the UK’s EU-national population has been called into question by applications to the EU Settlement Scheme (EUSS). This number also includes 320,000 Irish citizens. For more information about the EU Settlement Scheme, see the Migration Observatory report, Unsettled Status – 2020: Which EU Citizens are at Risk of Failing to Secure their Rights after Brexit? Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018', 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018: data tables', 'Third report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme' and 'Home Office statistics on exit checks: user guide', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and 'Developments in migration statistics since 2010'. This is down from its peak of 922,000 in 2017 (in the same year, the number of Polish citizens in the UK was estimated at over a million). In the first quarter of 2020, around 715,000 people moved to the UK, while 403,000 left, according to an Office for National Statistics (ONS) report published on Thursday. The end of free movement rights after the UK leaves the EU means that citizens of other EU countries will no longer be entitled to access the UK labour market or to be self-employed, except where UK immigration rules allow. Updated 'Monthly asylum application tables', 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers', 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. The EU-born made up 5.5% of the total UK population of 66 million in 2019, while non-EU born people made up 8.9% (Office for National Statistics, 2020). The Office for National Statistics admits it underestimated long-term EU immigration between 2009 and 2016 by almost a quarter of a million. Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562226306'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='677px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, an estimated 1,662,000 or 47% of the EU born were from EU-14 countries (Figure 4). In 2019, 48% of EU citizens moving to the UK for at least a year said that work was their main reason for migrating (Figure 6). Number of EU nationals in the United Kingdom 2019. These recent revisions affected estimates of immigration from EU-8 countries, and other EU immigration has not yet been revised and so may not be directly comparable. The faster increase in the EU-14-born population after 2012 can be linked to immigration from Spain and Italy, where the unemployment rate was particularly high (see our 2016 commentary, Pulling power: Why are EU citizens migrating to the UK?). Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’, ’Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and ‘Developments in migration statistics since 2010’. This is similar to the number of EU-born migrants, despite some EU migrants to the UK having naturalised as UK citizens. This series brings together documents relating to migration statistics. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2020'. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2018' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2018: data tables'. We’ll send you a link to a feedback form. Added 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2017', 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2017: data tables', 'Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: 2016' and 'Developments in migration statistics since 2010'. Throughout history, the region has been a central part of global migration systems which its States helped to establish and shape, mainly through mercantilist and colonial expansions. Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013' and 'Tables for 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013''. As figure 1 below shows, non-EU net migration has risen from 89,000 in 1997 to 214,000 in 2018. EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics to September 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending September 2020 and Statistics relating to passenger arrivals since the COVID-19 outbreak, November 2020 published. We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve government services. In 2019, 456,000 NINos were allocated to EU citizens, down 28% from 2015. The downward trend in EU immigration is a recent phenomenon. The Migration Observatory informs debates on international migration and public policy. There are various reasons for this, including differences in how data sources define migrants; known uncertainty in the estimates, which come with margins of error; and unknown sources of error, such as that arising from the fact that not everyone agrees to participate in official surveys. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, February 2020', updated 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide'. The level of migration from the EU to the UK has been underestimated by the Office for National Statistics from the mid-2000s to 2016. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562252149'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, Poland was the largest country of origin of EU-born residents (Figure 5), comprising 818,000 people, or 23% of the total EU-born population in the UK. 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